How to Weld Plastics - instructional how to weld plastics

How to Weld Plastics – rigid plastics repair & fabrication welding:

Plastics Identification:

You can only weld “like” materials. For example, Polypropylene (most car bumpers) can only be welded with a Polypropylene welding rod. So it is very important to first identify the material to be welded. Today most plastics used in the manufacture of modern vehicles are stamped with plastics identification codes, however, where this identification is not present, a welding test is required to ID the material to be welded. The quickest, safest and easiest way to do this is using a Techspan Rod Test Kit or RTK

Rod Test Kit (RTK) weld test procedure:

Simply clean an area on the underside of the part to be tested. Ensure you remove any contamination (grease, oils, paints etc) before attempting his test
Select a rod from the Rod Test Kit (RTK) that appears and feels similar to the parent material
Attempt to weld (approx. 30mm) of the selected rod to the parent material, leaving a tail (30mm long) at 90 deg to the parent
Once complete, allow to cool. It is important to note that plastics will not hold full strength until completely cold
Attempt to remove the rod with a pair of pliers, pulling at 90 deg to the welded part. If the rod snaps off leaving the material on the parent, you know you have a match
Repeat the test with another rod selection until you find the correct match

Surface Preparation:

As with all forms of welding, cleaning of plastic components prior to welding is as important as any other welding preparation in achieveing strong, structural welds. Poorly prepared plastic components will lead to weld failures.

Plastics surface preparation involves ensuring all soils are removed. Any paints, oils, greases and even UV degredation must first be removed prior to welding. With large parts, eg. Bumper bars, washing the part is usually a good start.This will ensure we are removing any atmospheric soils, eg. Mud, Traffic films etc . Use a soft sponge with warm water – don’t use any industrial detergents as these can also introduce film coatings that may also effect the welding results.

Any painted surfaces should also be cleaned right back to the parent material. Paints and other remaining soils should be removed easily using a standard abrasive wheel (sanding disc) with any high speed air drill or electric drill will do the trick. A grinding disc will make quick work of this process, but be warned – plastics yield easily to abrasives, so take care you don’t end up damaging other sections of the part where the wheel can ‘catch’ and ‘drag’ across the component.

This process can create a fair bit of dust, so we recommend the use of a face mask when performing this task. Other methods for preparing plastics include – paint scrapper, sharp blade, clean wire brush…

Once the part has been properly cleaned are prepared, we are now ready for the “Tacking” step.

Applying a “V” groove to the weld area:

Welding of plastics components relies on a number of factors –

Surface Preparation
Good joint interfaces
Plastics Identification / Correct welding rod selection
“V” Grooving, using the rotary burr
Tacking
Correct welding temperatures
Welding technique

A Rotary Burr is used to provide a “V” groove along the weld line. Take care when using the rotary burr, as plastics will yield easily to abrasives. Ensure you use adequate jigging and support, to prevent the rotary burr from ‘digging in’ and running across the plastic being repaired. When “V”ing is complete, you are now ready for the “Tacking” stage.

Tacking of plastics:

Tacking of plastics components prior to welding, helps the welder to achieve two things –

Good joint interfaces and
Alignment of the plastic components prior to main welding

The “Tacking Nozzle” can be used to ensure close joint interfaces and alignment of broken parts. Unlike metal welding, where tacking is carried out at the ends of the welding area, Plastic Welding requires “Tacking” to be carried out where ever you intend to place welding rod. Push fit the Tacking Nozzle on the Techspan Hot Air Tool. Run the tip of the Tacking Nozzle along the weld line, ensuring a slight swagging of the two materials together, closing up the joint interface. Once taking is complete, you are now ready for the main welding stage.

Pendulum Welding:

The “Pendulum Welding” technique, can be used for short weld runs, or when access is difficult. Fit the standard nozzle (LE100303) on the welding tool. Set the required welding temperature on the welding tool using the guide provided. This is carried out using the red rotary dial on the end of all Techspan Plastic Welders.

Once up to temperature (from cold, this takes approx. 1.5 minutes), select the correct welding rod (see our previous Tech Tip covering “Plastics Indentification”). Cut the start of the welding rod to a point. This will help with the initial flow of the weld rod. A pendulum motion is used to evenly heat the parent material and the welding rod. Feed the welding rod into the welding area, while curving the tail of the weld rod away from the welding tool. This will help you control the rod feed during welding and will allow the operator to observe the material flow during welding.

Welding should be carried out in one continuous run along the length of the area to be welded. Welding speed should be adjusted to the point where you observe a slight ‘wash’ at the sides of the welding rod. Ensure that your pendulum motion is providing even heating of both the parent material and the welding rod throughout the weld run. When complete, allow the plastic component to cool completely before attempting to trim or clean up the welding area. This is important as the plastic will not be at full strength until completely cool.

Trimming & sanding can now be carried out if required.

Speed Welding:

The “Speed Welding” technique should be used for long weld runs. The term “Speed Welding” gets its name from the fact that it is a relatively fast process compared to that of the “Pendulum Welding” technique.

Fit the standard nozzle on the welding tool. Select the correct “Speed Welding” nozzle to suit the corresponding welding rod profiel – these are available to suit a range of welding rod profiles. In round profiles, Techspan can supply 3mm, 4mm or 5mm diameter. In Tape profiles, Techspan supply an 8mm x 2mm Speed Welding nozzle. And in Triangular profiles Techspan supply either a 5.7mm or 7mm Triangular Speed Welding Nozzle.

The Speed Welding nozzles are an easy push fit onto the standard nozzle. Once up to temperature, simply insert the welding rod into the Speed Welding nozzle and apply a downward pressure on the welding rod itself. Apply approx. 2.5 – 3 kgs of downward pressure, forcing the welding rod through the speed welding nozzle and into the weld area. The welding tool will only need to be supported, as the force on the welding rod will move the tool along the weld area with ease.

The “Speed Welding” process is fast, and very easy to achieve.

Extrusion Welding:

What is Extrusion welding ?
This is one of the processes used to weld thermoplastic materials. It was developed in the 1960’s as an evolution of hot air welding.

The process uses a welding head (welding shoe) that has a nozzle for hot air and a plasticizing chamber (barrel) that pushes filler material (welding rod) out through the welding head (welding shoe). The process entails heating of the joint surfaces by means of heat of and addition of molten or plasticized filler material (extrudate) being extruded through a die (welding shoe). The extrudate is applied with pressure to ensure good bonding, and then the part is allowed to cool.

In general, an exruder welder is used on materials with a wall section thickness 10mm or larger. Below 10mm wall section thickness a standard Hand Held Hot Air Welding Tool can be employed. In fact most users of extruder welders will also have and use a Hand Held Hot Air Plastic Welding Tool, for small finishing welding jobs.

Extruder Repair Welding – Water Tank

Watch a structural repair of a damaged water tank. An Extruder Welder is used together with a hand held welder.